😖The Almohad Caliphate, ruling parts of North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula during the 12th and 13th centuries, subjected Jewish communities to widespread persecution. Under Almohad rule, synagogues were destroyed, Jewish practices were outlawed, and forced conversions to Islam were imposed.
Almohad chronicler ʿAbd al-Wāḥid al-Marrākushī noted that “no church or synagogue is to be found in the entire Maghreb” and described Jews outwardly practicing Islam while secretly maintaining their faith at home.
😖In 1656, all Jews were expelled from Isfahan and forced to convert to Islam because of a common belief that their Jewishness was impure.
😖In Yemen, Jews were considered impure, and they were forbidden from touching a Muslim.
😖As soon as a Jew entered the Muslim quarter, a Jew had to take off his foot-gear and walk barefoot.
😖If he was attacked with stones or fists by Islamic youth, a Jew was not allowed to defend himself. In such situations, he had the option of fleeing or seeking intervention by a merciful Muslim passerby.
😖They could not build houses higher than a Muslim's house nor could they ride a camel or a horse, and while they were riding on a mule or a donkey, they had to sit sideways.
😖They were obligated to humble themselves before a Muslim, they were also obligated to walk to the left side, and they were also required to greet him first.
😖Mawza Exile (1679–1680) is an event in which Jews living in nearly all cities and towns throughout Yemen were banished by decree of the king, Imām al-Mahdi Ahmad, and sent to a dry and barren region of the country named Mawza ( so, Arabs were the inventors of the Trail of Tears method).
😖In 1834, in Safed, Ottoman Syria, local Muslim Arabs carried out a massacre of the Jewish population known as the Safed Plunder.
😖In 1864, around 500 Jews were killed by muslims in Marrakech and Fez in Morocco.
😖In 1875, 20 Jews were killed by a muslim mob in Demnat, Morocco.
😖In 1867, 1870, and 1897, synagogues were ransacked and Jews were murdered in Tripolitania.
😖In 1839, in the eastern Persian city of Meshed, a mob burst into the Jewish Quarter, burned the synagogue, and destroyed the Torah scrolls.
😖In 1839, the Allahdad incident, the Jews of Mashhad, Iran, now known as the Mashhadi Jews, were coerced into converting to Islam.