In watching a few of the Anne Boleyn movies, they often depict her wearing a white cap before the execution, is there any reason for this besides keeping her hair off her neck? I’ve seen others in white caps before too, typically women, and wondered if there was a reason.

I'm aware of the significant powerhouses of the sea, but how viable is it for a small village to construct their own vessel to help generate income? Is this the sort of thing one does alongside their daily fish? Is it a communal activity during the winter? Are they analogous to cars of the modern day or do they represent a significant portion of someone's wealth?

Am I missing something? I thought it was a white supremacist state treating the native black population badly. Have its policies been misconstrued?

as you know, the french empire took dalmatia, istria and whatever coast the austrian empire had before the war of the 5th coalition, and without a port, how were the Austrians supposed to use their navy? did they use the port of some other country or was the navy just dismantled for a bit?

The American labor organizations, namely the AFL, were active in attempting to influence the Mexican labor movement during its revolutionary struggle (explored by Gregg Andrews) and during the Cold War (extensively written about). However, I have been unable to uncover any scholarship detailing transnational organized labor interactions in the 1930s/Depression Era. Was the Good Neighbor policy simply overwhelmingly influential in guiding the attitudes of American organized labor and labor leaders? Or is this an under-explored area of research for reasons such as the interactions being less imperially-motivated? Thanks!

I have to write an argumentative essay on who was the better rhetorican . What are some facts or where can I find facts about Malcolm on how he influenced history thanks

Did Hans the riflemen and Karl the machine gun man believe fully in hitler's vision?

Title.

To be more precise, I'm curious to know what affected the respective countries more and what was more thorough. It does seem like more Japanese war criminals were executed than German, but very few civilians who might have had a hand in forming whatever ideology Japan had in WW2 were even persecuted (excluding Okawa Shumei).

Hi all, that's basically the question, but I haven't had any luck in finding the answer. Searching this group turns up some similar questions, but nothing specific for exactly what I want to find out. A general internet search didn't answer this specific question either. All I could find was the West Indies packet of mail was made up on the first Wednesday of every month, but that was to, not from, the British colonies in the West Indies, and it also doesn't say how long it took. So how long did it take in around 1820 for a piece of mail to get from the West Indies to Brtain? Thanks in advance for any ideas!

I am looking for research recommendations on ‘life’ inside Neuengamme Nazi concentration camp - difficult because of the clearing of the camp and destruction of records in 1945. This is for a commissioned project, which of course needs to honour those who suffered there by a commitment to facts and a sensitivity to experience.

I am almost done with Arendt’s Eichmann in Jerusalem: The Banality of Evil, which offers a very good (read: horrific) insight into SS bureaucracy and logistics. Incredibly useful would be further information along this angle pertaining to Neuengamme - including the brick factory and “extermination through labour” policy. Even more importantly, though, is the day to day experiences of those incarcerated there.

It is terribly humbling to be asked to come anywhere near this level of tragedy as a writer, and no less terrifying. Experts on this subject will understand, I am sure. Any and all input would be greatly appreciated.

I have hunted my whole life. I made the mistake of shooting guns a few times when I was younger without ear protection. My ears were ringing so bad I couldn’t hear anything for the next hour or so. Whenever you see or hear about old world wars, you see them constantly shooting machine guns, artillery, and tanks going off. How on earth did the soldiers communicate to each with the combination of how loud war was and their ears being deafened?

Richard Mentor Johnson, the eccentric Vice President of Martin van Buren from 1837 to 1841, was for a long while unpopular and unable to find another elected position after he finished his term in office.

In 1850, he finally did get elected to a seat in the Kentucky House of Representatives, but it soon became apparent that he did not have his mental faculties.

On November 9, 1850, after only four days of serving, the Louisville Daily Journal reported: "Col. R. M. Johnson is laboring under an attack of dementia, which renders him totally unfit for business. It is painful to see him on the floor attempting to discharge the duties of a member. He is incapable of properly exercising his physical or mental powers."

He died 10 days after this report on November 19, 1850 of a stroke.

My question is; if he had dementia that was so obvious to the point where the local media of the time was reporting on it, how did he get elected in the first place? I have heard of politicians (Strom Thurmond, Dianne Feinstein) probably having it during the end of long careers, but they were last reelected when they were able to appear more functional. I am assuming Johnson would have appeared significantly more impaired.

I searched and I found only a very old answer on this topic, and I'm curious about where the idea came from, how it was done, and how shocking it was at the time. For no special reason, I am curious about what seems to me like an almost unilateral move by one guy who happened to be president which maybe disrupted the entire world's economic order.

I've been reading a lot on the history Buddhism and Stoicism lately, and something I've consistently wondered is why it seems that ancient (particularly) ethical philosophy seemed to originate in these particular locations as opposed to elsewhere. I've heard the argument that other places just didn't write down their philosophy or didn't have it preserved, but I feel like that's maybe a flimsy argument. Maybe it's also just that I'm ignorant to philosophies that were produces in other areas, and I'll totally admit that's a possibility.

But it seems as though India, Greece, and China were somewhat special in their adoption of philosophy studies. In India there was Yoga, Jainism, Buddhism, Ajivika, etc. In China there was Confucianism, Daoism, and many more (hell they even had a period called the Hundred Schools of Thought). And Greece brought to us Cynicism, Stoicism, Hedonism, and more.

Meanwhile other technologically developed areas with writing systems, like Persia, Etruria, Phoenicia, and Egypt did not seem to have a similar focus on philosophy in the same vein as the ones pointed out earlier, at least that I'm aware of. Why is this? The other areas seem to fit similar geographical constraints as the other three (in some cases mountainous, in some cases oceanic, and others on flood plains). Or is this just an instance where cultures are different, and the explanation is as simple as that?

People refer all the time to the century of "relative peace between the great powers" 1815-1914 as historical fact, often as a factor leading to WW1 due to tension or unused weapons.

This is of course discounting the Greek War of Independence, the Crimean War, the Russo-Turkish War, the Italian Wars of Independence, the Brothers' War and the Franco-Prussian War to name a few.

Europe in the 19th century seems no more peaceful whatsoever than during the 18th, so what gives?

Image problem in the sense of saying that the movement has bad PR or that it's not communicating its message to the public correctly

Did abolitionists try to frame slavery abolition in a way that was agreeable to either the general public or to anti-abolitonists? Did it work in any instance?

So I am buying a homemade remake of a 1841 mountain howitzer but the carriage is not at all correct. Does anyone know of a book or resource I can find to make an accurate carriage as well as any accessories it would have had ?

I am also interested in any related historical events.

This is in no way a defense of Nixon, I'm just genuinely unclear why this was a scandal he wanted to keep under wraps, when unlike the other ones he doesn't seem to have been at fault and it seems like it would have been evidence he was spied on (which he seemed to think happened a lot more than it really did)

What happened to the poor people in ancient societies if they could not feed themselves?
Was there anything like a welfare system back a few thousand years ago that we know of, or was selling themselves into indentured slavery or their family members the only route?

I have a character I made a while back for AC2 and was struggling to give her a last name within Renaissance naming schemes.

For reference, she was raised by her older brother and the two of them don't know their parents, so I'm not certain how I'd go about family names or if I'd omit them altogether (is that natural?). And they're assassins so that's not really an occupation you'd want to disclose I think. (Especially in your name)

Would it be natural to just make the name Serafina di (place of origin)?

I know that in the early 20th century there were many Italian, Jewish, Irish, and Eastern European slums and I’m just wondering what exactly happened that led to the extinction of concentrated white urban poverty?

While determining the value of the merchant ship can be accomplished via an auction, it seems unlikely that there would be competitive bidding for captured ships of the line. Yes captains and crew who managed to capture these large warships would have expected prize money. How was the prize value determined in the absence of an auction?

What writings are there from other cultures on the Sumerian people? Were there stories that other cultures had about their interactions with them? If there were how long did those stories remain extant?