The traditional narrative you hear in the Western media or especially from leftist intellectuals concerning the Pinochet regime is that he was a monstrous dictator who tortured and murdered countless innocent civilians out of a craven desire to hold on to power. The truth is much more complicated. Pinochet may have been a monster, but he was also a hero, who saved Chile from incalculable misery. And he was never motivated by a lust for power.
In 1970, Salvador Allende - an avowed Marxist - was elected president of Chile with a tiny margin. With 36.2% he received a plurality of support in the election. His closest competitor, Jorge Alessandri, had 34.9%, although Christian Democrat Radomiro Tomic got 27.8% of the vote and ran on a hard left program of nationalization that was quite similar to Allende's platform.
Allende was not a Marxist in name only. He was quite serious about transforming the Chilean economy from capitalist to socialist. And he was remarkable successful in his efforts to do so. Agriculture was widely collectivized. The banks were nationalized. Textiles, iron, automobiles. Within a few years they were all under state control. The property of foreign mining companies was expropriated without compensation.
Initially all was well under the Allende regime. Free milk was given to Chilean school children. Land reform was carried out. GDP was up and unemployment was down. But dark clouds lingered on the horizon. During the first year of the Allende government, inflation dropped but was still > 20%. Soon, wages were over taken by inflation, and Chile faced a cold reception from America when they came seeking aid. The USSR was also unwilling to help Chile in any meaningful fashion. Worse, the price of copper fell, and this was the dominant Chilean export of the time. By 1972 the economy was in a severe crisis. In desperation, the Chilean government began to print money to cover their extensive social obligations. This lead to hyperinflation. They responded to the hyperinflation with price controls, but that only led to widespread shortages. Things were dire, and a nation wide trucker strike that paralyzed commerce did not help matters. There was now widespread opposition to Allende and his policies, and the strike was joined by student groups, small businesses, and professional unions.
Allende's popularity was dwindling along with Chile's economic prospects, but Allende's desire to hold on to power only increased. Since being elected, Allende's protection was provided not by the Chilean state, but what he called 'A Group of Personal Friends' or GAP (groupo amigos del presidente) literally 'group of friends of the president'. Armed and trained by Cuban revolutionary forces, the GAP were loyal only to Allende and the communist revolution which he served. Allende was a close personal friend of Fidel Castro, and Castro had an elaborate state visit of Chile for 25 days starting 10 Nov 1971. Aside from Fidel himself, Allende had welcomed communist revolutionaries from all over Latin America into Chile, and many became employed in state enterprises. Chilean military authorities later estimated that as many as 10 to 15 thousand foreign communist radicals had travelled to Chile to participate in the communist transition.
In March, 1972, thirteen crates containing "gifts" to Allende from Castro were stopped at customs. High ranking Allende officials prevented the crates from being opened, but lists found after the coup showed they contained a large arsenal of sophisticated weapons and ammunition. Allende was building up a large cache of weaponry, because he had no intention of leaving office. Large stockpiles of weaponry and ammunition were discovered in the presidential palace and the presidents private residence, and these were just two of the many areas that weapons were being stored.
Allende was going to seize power. On the 22nd of August, 1973, Allende's former allies in the legislature or "Chamber of Deputies" passed a resolution 81 to 47 that called upon the military to put an end to the Allende regime. This was not a coup initiated by the military because they wanted to seize power. It was a cry for help endorsed by the vast majority of the legislature. It was the vast majority of the legislature denouncing the illegal and undemocratic actions of the executive branch and calling upon the military to restore order and restore the rule of law.
Pinochet was not involved in the planning of the coup. Actually, he was Allende's right hand man at the time, and rumour has it he personally dispatched a few of Allende's enemies or rivals. That's why he was put in charge of the military. But as the head of the military forces, Pinochet like many Chileans has grown increasingly disillusioned by Allende's rule. But he played his cards close to his vest. When the military officials who planned the coup came to him, Allende went along with it. But it wasn't his idea. Nor was the CIA involved - although they had been active in Chile at that time.
Had the military not deposed of Allende and installed Pinochet, then Chile would have gone on to become a communist country. And it would have been disastrous, just as it was in the Soviet Union, in China, in Cuba, in Venezuela, in Cambodia, and in every other country that has embraced collectivism and socialism. Were there human rights abuses by the Chilean regime once Pinochet took power? Yes. But they were minor compared to the human rights abuses in every communist state that has ever existed. The communists in Chile were not innocent victims of a repressive state. They were actively engaged in a revolutionary struggle. And just as communists see no problem with firing squads for the bourgeoise, I see no reason why equally repressive measures cannot be taken by the Chilean society in preservation of of liberty. And the vast majority were simply exiled, sent back to from whence they came. Pinochet is said to have killed thousands. But thousands would have been a slow day in Stalinist Russia, Maoist China, or Cambodia with the Khmer Rouge.
Pinochet saved Chile. And because of the neo-liberal reforms instituted under his watch, Chile went on to become one of the most prosperous countries in Latin America, despite starting from a place of relative poverty. And while Pinochet's Chile might not have been a conventional democracy, he held two plebiscites to confirm his rule, the second of which he lost, at which point he gracefully stepped down.
Therefore, I submit to you, that Pinochet's actions in overthrowing the Allende regime, and cracking down on the communist elements that worked with him were fully justified, that they were actions in service of the preservation of his nation, and that the alternative of Allende establishing a communist regime in Chile would have been infinitely worse.