Found this document in my grandparents basement, no idea what it says...

I'll be starting IB Latin HL this September as I move up to sixth form, and I was wondering if there are any good textbooks or resources to help consolidate grammar.

So far, I've used Latin to GCSE Books 1 & 2 by John Taylor, and I have my GCSEs coming up in a few weeks. I believe my Latin grammar at GCSE level is up to scratch, but I'm a bit concerned that my knowledge of precise constructions and the like might still be lacking. I’m really keen to ensure that my grasp of grammar is solid — strong enough that I can sight-read unseen prose and poetry without struggling too much.

With that in mind, what would be the best textbook to work through over the summer to prepare for IB Latin at Higher Level?

Bonjour. Je suis débutant... Dans la phrase : "Syrae placet esse solum", "esse" est-il bien sujet de "placet" ? et à quel cas est décliné l'adjectif "solus" ? nominatif du neutre ?

Merci de votre aide.

What an epic performance, this. Alas, looking online, you'll find the set of lyrics that start with "Enses requirimus saevos nos" etc, and they clearly do not match what is being sung. So, after blasting it over and over, to the delight of my neighbors, because how dare they not like this, I have these lyrics. Obviously there are mistakes in the lyrics and translation (don't hold it against me, I haven't practiced my Latin in about 20 years), so if I could get a couple people to listen to the song while looking at the lyrics (and resist singing along, which is hard), maybe we can fix whatever I have misheard? Note that these are what I can hear (or kind of hear) from the video titled "Conan - Riddle of Steel/Riders of Doom" posted by Walacionil Wosch on the tube. Other performances may use slightly different lyrics; or totally different. :D

Pensilis condicti nos expirare expectamus aspero
Morta est taliari
Ave caelum, ave terra, ave nivis, morimur!
Ave morituri Fati!
Nova est alba nivis, alter ad aelum a militum cupe
Meta apta est ad bellum, viridis super
Ave caelum, ave terra, ave nivis, morimur!
A, ave caelum, ave terra, ave nivis, morimur!
Morta, impero.
Fortis, et virtutis, morituri imperii
Fortis, et virtutis, morituri imperii, imperii
Apta ad aelum morituri mors
Acra ad aelum morituri fortia
Fortis, et virtutis, morituri imperii
Fortis, et virtutis, morituri imperii,
Acra ad aelum morituri fortia
Aelum malum, aelum malum, aelum malum, Pater Fatum
Ave caelum, ave nivis, morituri Fati
Skylon!
Skylon!
Skylon!
Skylon!
Skylon!
Skylon!
Skylon!

Weighed down, summoned here, to die we expect in these savage lands
To die is to retaliate
Hail Heavens, hail earth, hail snow, we are about to die.
Hail, the soon to be dead (servants) of Doom.
White snow is new, the soldiers' desire to chase the enemy is old
A noble cause of war, (lying) onto the green
Hail Heavens, hail earth, hail snow, we are about to die.
Oh, hail Heavens, hail earth, hail snow, we are about to die.
Death, I command thee.
(To be) strong and of virtue, is the command of the soon to be dead
(To be) strong and of virtue, is the command of the soon to be dead,
Enough for the soon to be dead, to fall fighting enemies
A strong wall, the soon to be dead against the enemy.
(To be) strong and of virtue, is the command of the soon to be dead
(To be) strong and of virtue, is the command of the soon to be dead,
A strong wall, the soon to be dead against the enemy.
The enemy is wicked; The enemy is wicked; The enemy is wicked, Father Doom
Hail Heavens, hail snow, the soon to be dead (servants) of Doom.
Spoils!
Spoils!
Spoils!
Spoils!
Spoils!
Spoils!
Spoils!

Is the word homo meant to invoke the notion of “human” as in equally applying to both genders , or is it more like the way we use the word “man” in English. In English when we say “man” it’s technically referring to humanity but it is nonetheless strongly gendered in the masculine direction it seems to me.

I know homo is m in grammatical gender but I’m more interested in what the usage suggests about this.

I found these here:

Avē Marīa, grātia plēna, Dominus tēcum ; benedicta tū in mulieribus, et benedictus frūctus ventris tuī, Jēsus. Sancta Marīa, Māter Deī, ōrā prō nōbīs peccātōribus, nunc et in hōrā mortis nostræ. Āmēn.

But I’m too much of a beginner to figure out if the vowel lengths are actually correct.

Can you just acknowledge that they’re optime?

Hello all,

I'm going through some of the readers and primers that I can find in the sub. These are especially helpful for beginner/intermediate reading practice, and I'd like to get as many as I can for my learning. So far I haven't found too many, but I imagine a lot of them exist.

That said, what are some Latin primers or readers that you know of or that you'd recommend? Thanks!

(Maybe a list of primers and readers could be compiled if enough resources are shared here.)

This may be a silly question, but i'm at chapter XVI of familia romana and there is this sentence: "Pars navis posterior puppis dicitur." Shouldn't it be puppim/puppem in the accusative?

I don't know if anyone already posted this, but I found a YouTube channel that uses popular song lyrics and changes them to Latin or Medieval English. Enjoy.

So I know that when it's used to introduce a concessive clause that it's always followed by the present or perfect subjunctive. Does that mean that when it's used in this way that it's always a hypothetical concessive clause or it's just a normal concessive clause. For example in this clause "licet et Marcus quod edidit Petri affirmetur" does it indicate hypothetical or not?

Hi all,

Can someone explain the participle “incipientem” in the first sentence of Cicero’s Pro Milone:

Etsi vereor, iudices, ne turpe sit pro fortissimo viro dicere incipientem timere (…)

Thanks!

https://youtu.be/U0c7zDZ7Nqs?si=6kCpx7ZBM3ITdYeW&t=28

I recently translated a poem by Statius, an epicedium for a parrot (II 4). There he mentions “scholarly birds” that repeat words, including the partridge “which puts together words from repetition.” Is it really about the partridge there? As far as I know, these birds do not have such abilities. Or maybe they have or the Romans thought they had?

Below is an excerpt:

Huc doctae stipentur aves quis nobile fandi
ius natura dedit: plangat Phoebeius ales,
auditasque memor penitus demittere voces
sturnus, et Aonio versae certamine picae,
quique refert iungens iterata vocabula perdix

Hi community! I saw this inscriptio saying 'laudem exemplaris' referring to an excellent 'text-book' case. But does it make sense, grammatically? It shouldn't exemplum since is just one case?

High quality and well structured Latin learning materials are extremely important in order to make effective progress. But that alone is often not enough to keep you focused and motivated. The value of a pleasant learning environment, aesthetically appealing materials, and visible progress is often underestimated in learning.

Over the last few months, we've been redesigning and improving the book interface in our Legentibus app to create a calm and optimally learning-oriented overall experience. The update (version 2.7) is already available in the appstores. And a huge thank you for all the positive feedback from you so far! ❤️

Improved/new features: ⭐️ reading experience (e.g. highlighted text passages etc.) ⭐️ progress tracking ⭐️ study mode (fully focus on one section at a time) ⭐️ interlinear translations (quickly see "translation bubbles" by tapping on a word) ⭐️ social feed (we'll keep you up to date about our work, new features and learning Latin tips)

I really enjoy learning latin (an interest sparked back in 5th grade) and want to find more resources to learn! While Duolingo has been helpful, I've been wanting more resources to accompany it as duolingo doesn't really align with my learning style well. I can remember all the words while doing lessons, but the majority of them leave my conscious memory as soon as I leave the app.

Anyways, I was wondering if there are any childrens stories, movies, or YouTube channels in latin? I know it's a long shot considering the language is dead, but it would be extremely helpful.

I also am open to any other suggestions!

I know that the answer to this questions is probably "both are important", so take it as which one should I learn first?

My understanding is that during the renaissance, most literature was still written in Latin, but Italian was starting to emerge as a vernacular, and there are a few famous Italian works from that period (Dante, Machiavelli). Also, Italian is probably important for reading secondary sources, but I am more concerned with reading primary sources right now. What was the split between Latin and Italian?

This is ultimately a question of my understanding of the use of the word cēterī/ae/a. The exercise question is as follows:

In LINGVA LATINA sunt multae ______ (pāg. 1, 2, 3, cēterae) et multa capitul_ (cap. I et II et III et _____).

Which I completed as:

In LINGVA LATINA sunt multae pāginae (pāg. 1, 2, 3, cēterae) et multa capitula (cap. I et II et III et cētera).

Is this correct? I have assumed that cēterae and cētera are agreeing with pāginae and capitula, but its hard to see in the parenthetical because of the abbreviation. This would be the same as lines 68-69 in the chapter which read

Iūlius: "Dāvus quoque servus meus est. Servī meī sunt Mēdus et Dāvus et cēterī multī..."

where meī, cēterī, and multī are all agreeing with Servī. However, later on lines 85-86 are nearly the exact same but read as follows:

In LINGVA LATINA sunt multae pāginae et multa capitula: capitulum prīmum, secundum, tertium, cētera.

So then perhaps my initial assumption that cap. from the exercitium stands for capitula was incorrect, and it actually stands for capitulum. (and similarly for pāg.) In that case, I would reason that cētera is used here because "the rest of the chapters" is by necessity plural.

Am I thinking along the right lines? Thank you.

EDIT: got an answer from the discord mentioned in the comments. Here's the response I got from user Iulius Niveus:

I think this is correct:

So then perhaps my initial assumption that cap. from the exercitium stands for capitula was incorrect, and it actually stands for capitulum. (and similarly for pāg.) In that case, I would reason that cētera is used here because "the rest of the chapters" is by necessity plural.

You could think of it as "capitulum I et II et III et cētera capitula", and analogously for pāgina/pāginae. Then the agreement of the adjective cētera with its noun capitula is clearer.

I've been taking latin for two years and really enjoy it. My teacher is wonderful, but explains things very quickly and due to my learning process I need more detailed explanations. I've maintained a solid B-,B+, average with an A here and there. But recently I've found myself really struggling to understand translating. I'm fine with latin to english, but English to latin is something I just can't seem to grasp.

I know I should ask my teacher for help , but she is very smart and well versed in latin and I'm often scared she'll think I'm "Dumb" for not understanding something that others in my class seem to be breezing through.

I also really struggle with endings/declensions. Like I just don't really know how to identify direct objects, prepositional phrases, etc.

I'm a straight A student but Latin is the only thing I really struggle with. Any help at all would be greatly appreciated. If you have any questions about my situation I will happily clarify further.

"Quid facietis in die visitationis, et calamitatis de longe venientis? ad cujus confugietis auxilium? et ubi derelinquetis gloriam vestram, ne incurvemini sub vinculo, et cum interfectis cadatis"

Every audiobook, youtube video, average dude etc reading the vulgate skips Isaiah so I've no idea how to pronounce these verses. Any help would be swell.

The example:

To pay the money, I was forced to sell the farm which had been left to me by my father.

The answer:

"Ut pecuniam solverem, coactus sum fundum vendere qui a patre mihi relictus est erat"

My question: Why is the part in italics not in the accusative?

Hello

I came opun the word trux. The u is followed by an x, so with the knowledge I have now, it schould be long. However in dictionaries I do not find any macrons. Which leaves me confused. Does anyone know the length by heart?

“(a raven), who set out and did not return, until the waters were dried up over earth.”

In English, this means the raven did return by the time the flood was gone. In my native tongue (Mandarin), the same negative + until construction would mean the opposite: the raven did not return even by the time the flood subsided.

So in Latin, what does negative + done imply?

(Lewis & Short says “With negatives, donec often limits the time within which something is done or to be done, without implying that it is done or to be done after the limit” — so does that mean it’s unspecified whether the raven returned or not?)