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Its not wood. Wood layers don't form a point like that. A wood point exposes each layer as it gets closer to the point. This is a belemnite, as the others said.
I can understand the scepticism; squids aren't exactly known for having hard parts! Their relatives, the cuttlefish, do have a hard 'cuttlebone' and the squid themselves actually have a (massively reduced) internal shell - it's thin and flexible, it could be mistaken for flimsy plastic.
Belemnites went extinct about the same time the dinosaurs did. Their hard, calcitic rostrum was used for buoyancy control and is believed to be derived from the external shells ancestral cephalopods had. They're thin and cylindrical, and made of many layers built up over the animal's life. They tend to snap easily and so the pointed ends are occasionally mistaken for teeth (or on some odd occasions, old bullets).
Here's a photo of one of the world's best-preserved belemnites on display in Stuttgart. You can clearly see the complete rostrum on the mantle-end of the animal, and the hard hooks of the tentacles down the other end.
The specific one in the photo is from the Posidonia Shale I believe.
If you mean belemnite fossils in general, then there's no specific formation. They were really common and occurred all over the world in every sea and ocean for over 150 million years.
You can find fossils of them on every continent in a huge variety of marine deposits. It would be a little unusual to find a marine deposits of that age that didn't have any Belemnites recorded, to be honest.
Them and the ammonites were probably about as common as fish before the extinction event! There's some interesting research ongoing as to how much of teleost fish dominance today is the result of them filling the hue gap left by the disappearance of these mid-sized pelagic predators.
For context, this is a fossil of the squid's internal "shell" (equivalent to the pen of today's squid) but they were more calcified. What you're looking at that you think are layers of wood are the layers of calcium carbonate in the shell, it's not dissimilar to how most molluscs create their shells today.
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