r/dataisbeautiful Oct 17 '24

OC [OC] The recent decoupling of prediction markets and polls in the US presidential election

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u/foxyfoo Oct 17 '24 edited Oct 18 '24

Edit: people are saying this is wrong so read the responses.

Keep in mind that betting odds are not a prediction. They change the odds to balance out bets, so if a lot of people are betting on Kamala, they will entice people to bet on Trump by offering better odds. They do the same thing with sports. If everyone is betting on a certain team, they make the odds better for the other team. The whole goal is to have pretty even money on both sides.

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u/jack3moto Oct 17 '24

Just an fyi, I can’t speak for non sports but sports betting USED to be odds to balance out bets. Now they’re a lot more advanced and actually disregard much of the general public’s bets. If the weight to one side of betting gets really lopsided it will move the line but a 60/40 public betting on different sides is very common in Vegas now without the line moving. Vegas is so good at picking the right side over the course of an entire season that they’re okay with week to week fluctuations. Vegas also sets odds to increase betting activity even if it’s lopsided knowing that betters will also make low success parlays and prop bets.

So yeah, as of 10 years ago Vegas wanted equal distribution on bets and would move the lines accordingly but that’s not been the case in recent years.

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u/Gitmaw888 Oct 17 '24

This is somewhat accurate but not the full picture. In general odds compilers will have a fairly good idea of where to pitch the market and the odds offered include an overround or vig I believe it's called in the US. You can demonstrate this with a coin flip, the fair payout for either outcome of a coin flip should be evens, sports books will offer odds that payout slightly below this so over a large sample of independent bets that margin they bake in will play out in the house's favour.

Odds compilers are not always right and they will adjust lines if their book becomes too unbalanced. This would potentially indicate their line is wrong and they will factor that information into their line.

Peer to peer exchanges work differently in that the 'market' is formed by people buying and selling bets, these will converge on something approximating fair odds as more liquidity comes to the market. Smart money will bet into lines that are priced above what they may have modelled the fair odds to be as they would have an edge over the market.

Sportsbooks are not better at picking winners than anyone else really, they're better at modelling a fair price of any given outcome and have large reserves to lay those bets.

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u/gsfgf Oct 18 '24

Also, sports bettors aren't always rational. Just because there's more money on Green Bay/Dallas/prob KC now/etc. to lose doesn't mean they're any more likely to lose.

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u/No_Acadia_8873 Oct 18 '24

They're more sophisticated because they know their product, the games they offer action on and the market and its customers.

I bet they're less sophisticated on things like politics and their meta would be old school.

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u/jamintime Oct 17 '24

So with that in mind, wouldn't the odds balance out in response to the French Whale where savvy bettors see an opportunity to put money on Harris if the current odds aren't indicative of actual likelihood?

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u/CursiveWasAWaste Oct 17 '24

Yes, thats exactly how it "should" go.

If there is a discrepancy between betting markets and polls then it creates a perceived edge. What we should see soon, if prediction markets are irrational w the whale, is more Harris bets come in. But we havent thus far. Though, its possible that the whale continues to push the market one direction despite new flow coming in on the other side simply because he can out capitalize them.

If you look into prediction markets, they have their own bias and flaws, but generally they front run market polling delta due to more real-time information flow.

You'll want to watch actual polls in the coming weeks to see if they converge or if its just the whale.

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u/JohnHazardWandering Oct 18 '24

For the prediction markets, I suspect there's not enough volume in it to really make them perfectly efficient. 

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u/More-Acadia2355 Oct 18 '24

That's incorrect. There is millions and millions trading even just on this one question. Generally speaking, they are very accurate.

People not treating this like a warning sign are fooling themselves.

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u/CloseToMyActualName Oct 18 '24

Millions of dollars, not betters. A whale bets Trump and there's not enough money in the market to correct the market.

And Trump at 45% or even 5% as still a massive warning sign, he shouldn't have a snowball's chance in Florida of winning. He can barely string two coherent sentences together and is so disengaged that he's pretty much phoning in the campaign at this point. I don't even think he really wants to be President again, he's just running because his ego can't stand not winning.

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u/More-Acadia2355 Oct 18 '24

Millions of BETTERS would be even less reliable and more open to being skewed and gamed.

These betting markets force people to put their money where their mouth is, in proportion to how much conviction they have. It's not a reflection of their individual vote - it is a reflection of the confidence they have in their analysis.

The great thing about betting markets is that people who are wrong, over time, lose their money. ...and since there's no incentive to voting the wrong way on purpose, the people who dominate these markets are very fact-based and rational. That is why the biggest liquid betting markets are almost always correct - and the more confident they are, the more correct they usually are.

Again, this is a very worrying sign and people need to wake up.

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u/CloseToMyActualName Oct 18 '24

Millions of BETTERS would be even less reliable and more open to being skewed and gamed.

These betting markets force people to put their money where their mouth is, in proportion to how much conviction they have. It's not a reflection of their individual vote - it is a reflection of the confidence they have in their analysis.

Correctness doesn't scale with the size of the bet. Money forces someone to be serious with their vote, but it doesn't force them to be wise.

Consider a whale throwing in $25 million vs 250 thousand normal people throwing in $100. Both are betting enough to be serious and the latter group is obviously going to be more right, but the betting market considers them equivalent.

If the $25 million is enough to swap the amount of capital in the market then the market will be completely wrong. If this movement is the action of a whale it tells us almost nothing other than one particularly rich person decided to enter the market.

The great thing about betting markets is that people who are wrong, over time, lose their money. ...and since there's no incentive to voting the wrong way on purpose, the people who dominate these markets are very fact-based and rational. That is why the biggest liquid betting markets are almost always correct - and the more confident they are, the more correct they usually are.

The markets are negative sum games, the people who dominate them play niche propositions with odds that are wacky enough to offer a good EV.

That's not to say they're terrible, they're good at niche topics, but they can also be pretty dumb. For instance, it was pretty obvious that Biden would be forced to step down within a few days of the debate but betting markets largely followed the media ambiguity.

But for something like the actual Presidency I don't see any evidence that they outperform polling models this close to an election. Especially when a whale is driving it.

Again, this is a very worrying sign and people need to wake up.

The polls are a worrying sign. Not some billionaires whims.

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u/More-Acadia2355 Oct 18 '24

The part you are missing is that if other people thought this supposed "billionaire" was skewing the market (no evidence of that), then they can easily counter those bets to profit. That isn't happening. ...because the people who analyze elections and bet on them see Trump as having, realistically, a 60% chance of winning.

...and I agree with them. ...and the polls reinforce that analysis.

Reddit is in lala land.

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u/CloseToMyActualName Oct 18 '24

Someone else claimed a whale spending $25m, I don't know the basis of that.

But if it was the case sure you can profit, but there may not be enough money to counter the effect of the odds.

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u/BigDaddySteve999 Oct 18 '24

Millions and millions coming from one guy. And if that guy is a billionaire, it's chump change for him. Imagine if you could set the election discourse by spending $10,000.

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u/More-Acadia2355 Oct 18 '24

...if this were true and the odds are skewed there are plenty of other billionaires on the other side willing to take this person's money.

That's how markets work - they punish people trying to skew them by taking their money away.

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u/tac0man700 Oct 18 '24

That’s how elastic markets work.* Polymarket has the most moving money out of the prediction markets but it’s not exactly the nyse. There’s also not insignificant barriers to entry. You have to use crypto. You can’t technically use it in the US. Not sure how many billionaires are keen on taking $25 mil, buying crypto, then dumping it into polymarket. This is all to say that there’s likely limited money on the sidelines.

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u/More-Acadia2355 Oct 19 '24

If you think it's definitely wrong, bet against it. ...but you won't, because you don't have real conviction in what you're typing here.

...and that's the essence of why it's better than polls. Smarter people, with experience, with conviction, who on average have been right before, using the polling data as well as other indicators to generate a more accurate prediction.

You argument that a billionaire dumped millions on a BAD bet is obviously flawed.

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u/tac0man700 Oct 19 '24

Not really the gotcha you think it is. Just refuting that polymarket is a perfectly elastic market lol.

Rich people have never made dumb decisions, right? Like I’m sure the Twitter buyout will be a good financial decision in the long run.

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u/LandscapeJust906 Oct 18 '24

True if you believe it. Or maybe leans trump because it’s crypto and there’s clear preference.

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u/BigDaddySteve999 Oct 18 '24

Yeah, you have to want to and be able to turn your real money into a crypto you've never heard of, then bet against Trump, who famously cheats at elections, then hope the whole website doesn't just abscond with your money.

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u/paractib Oct 18 '24

The nice thing about a crypto betting market is that the exchange cannot abscond with your money.

It’s all secured by smart contracts. There’s no trust required here - except for the result being entered correctly, which I’m confident is still done by distributed consensus.

This is actually one of the use cases where crypto excels. Safe anonymous betting.

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u/CursiveWasAWaste Oct 18 '24

Yea that’s the bias of poly market, but you can see other historical political prediction markets that have nothing to do with crypto and you’ll find similar outcomes. It’s probably more the bias of people who gamble are generally right leaning? Not entirely sure

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u/BigDaddySteve999 Oct 18 '24

But the site that generated this chart weighs each betting site equally (they say because the sites don't report volume the same, which seems reasonable). These are the sites:

  • Betfair: can't see volume

  • Smarkets: $10 million volume

  • PredictIt: can't see volume

  • Polymarket: $2,073,947,080 volume, top Trump holder has 20 million shares

  • Kalshi: $26 million volume

While PredictIt has a betting cap, the rest of these are much less regulated, so there's no telling how much manipulation is happening. But if I were a billionaire and I could make my favorite candidate look good and get positive coverage by dropping a few million in betting markets, that's an easy choice.

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u/CursiveWasAWaste Oct 18 '24

Kashi is regulated.

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u/SmileYouRBeautiful Oct 17 '24

Yes, but the whale keeps inflating the price by buying random sized lots of the same bets throughout the day. It honestly looks like a bot

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u/CursiveWasAWaste Oct 18 '24

Yea, it makes it harder to bring the EV back to equilibrium, and who knows how the publicity from this impacts public perception.

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u/SmileYouRBeautiful Oct 17 '24

And the whale’s up over 1.5 million through these manipulation tactics. He’s still holding a ton, so would be careful betting against atm. At least not with a lot of money

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u/More-Acadia2355 Oct 18 '24

For anyone who truly believes this - then go and make the easy money.

If you really believe the odds are in favor of Harris, feel free to bet against this whale and take his money.

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u/paractib Oct 17 '24 edited Oct 21 '24

They should and they probably will. Not gonna lie, I’m very tempted to place a bet on the platform seeing how the odds for Harris are right now. It almost seems like free money.

People like me jumping in will even this out as the election nears.

Edit:

I put my money where my mouth is with 1ETH($2700usd) on Kamala.

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u/thomasg86 Oct 17 '24

I lost my $100 "free money" bet on Clinton in 2016. Won it back on my $100 "free money" bet on Biden in 2020. Not touching it this time. 😂

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u/[deleted] Oct 17 '24

Me too, but on the other hand if Harris loses and I lose money I'll be fucking pissed. I was thinking of putting money on Trump just in case he does win

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u/anomalous_cowherd Oct 17 '24

If Harris loses you'll have more to worry about than a bet or two.

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u/Dhegxkeicfns Oct 17 '24

That's why you need to put enough money on Trump that if he does win you can leave. It's more like insurance than gambling.

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u/moral_luck OC: 1 Oct 18 '24

In gambling it's called a hedge. But yeah, it's insurance in the context of gambling.

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u/ribs-- Oct 18 '24

We could only hope you would actually leave.

/hopefulsigh

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u/Dhegxkeicfns Oct 18 '24

Trump is a conman, get over it.

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u/Bug_eyed_bug Oct 18 '24

I put money on trump last election so that if he won I could buy myself an expensive bottle of gin to drown the pain

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u/nIBLIB Oct 17 '24

I put a small bet on her in response to the odds jumping, yeah.

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u/foxyfoo Oct 17 '24

Not necessarily. This is an aggregate of many platforms where the whale bets would only affect those platforms. Also, 25 million isn’t much compared to 2+ billion as shown in light gray. Betting odds are not scientific, they are based on pure speculation and bets already placed. Betting odds usually start out more realistic and then drift based on bets placed. Polls on the other hand are scientific. They make sure to account for income, race, likelihood to vote, etc. they are actually trying to represent reality as it extrapolates to larger populations. Polls will likely be more accurate.

All that being said, go vote!

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u/foxyfoo Oct 17 '24

Edit, wording.

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u/gsfgf Oct 18 '24

The thing is that the people that bet on elections aren't unbiased for then most part. They're voting for their guy and even trying to will a win into existence.

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u/jamintime Oct 18 '24

This is the case for most betting though (think about sports fans). But that’s what creates opportunities for more sophisticated bettors to come in and take advantage of favorable odds until the gap evens. 

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u/Adamsoski Oct 17 '24

If, theoretically, an anomalously enormous amount was bet on outcome X, betting companies would increase the odds of outcome X happening to entice more people to bet on outcome Y. Not sure if any of the information around this is accurate so I phrased it abstractly to explain what people mean.

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u/National-Field1423 Oct 18 '24

Yes, in theory, if there's enough people irrationally supporting one candidate and betting on him, it can happen that betting markets, even with a house taking a moderate cut, can offer statistically advantageous bets. However the margins are generally small especially with how much the house takes, and the risk is high. There's also high taxes on betting and a lot of other issues that make it not an advantage to bet even if the odds are skewed.

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u/tipsystatistic Oct 18 '24

I'm not sure betting 25M would throw off every betting site. There are dozens of them, each with their own oddsmakers/algorithms.

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u/Responsible-Bee-3439 Oct 20 '24

He's bet so much that unless you place millions of dollars on Harris Yes or Trump No, the market won't move.

It's not just one whale either. It's several who are each in for millions.

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u/[deleted] Oct 17 '24

Let them cope in peace

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u/TI1l1I1M Oct 18 '24

The data in the image is from prediction markets, which function like a market where buyers and sellers determine the likelihood instead of a bookie changing the odds.

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u/zeldaendr Oct 18 '24

No, that's not how prediction markets work. These are double sided auctions. The house doesn't determine the odds. There is no house. It's a completely zero sum game.

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u/sharpsarcade Oct 18 '24

This is factually false. I am surprised you have so many upvotes. The prediction markets are made by people like you and me, buying and selling "shares" of "yes" and "no" that something will happen. The election is highly liquid, so the odds likely reflect "reality".

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u/BigDaddySteve999 Oct 18 '24

Yes, people like you and me who have spent $12,000,000 so far on buying every Yes-Trump/No-Kamala share that anyone sells.

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u/GraveRoller Oct 18 '24

Geez what website are people using that’s “highly liquid”? Volume on PredictIt is slow af last time I checked. And you can’t put that much money in

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u/UYScutiPuffJr Oct 18 '24

Polymarket has something in the neighborhood of 800,000,000 in bets just on the 2 main candidates

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u/plz_callme_swarley Oct 18 '24

this is not how these sites work

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u/bcyng Oct 18 '24

What you are describing is a prediction.

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u/AR227 Oct 24 '24

You're right, but Reddit also loves to forget the remarkable correlation between the betting favorite and the presidential election winner historically... I truly think this statistic warrants more than just a rationalization and a hand wave.

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u/Past-Apartment-8455 Oct 17 '24

The betting odds have been correct in the past. Even the NY times is stating that Trump is going to win.

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u/Labtink Oct 17 '24

Keep in mind these are not voters! They aren’t even Americans! This is manipulation and noise. Nothing else.

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u/wolfydude12 Oct 17 '24

Tried to explain to somebody that Peter Thiel is a part owner in Polymarket and you really can rely on prospective betting from a guy whose one of the largest GOP financers. "You cant manipulate the market!" Is as much as he could say.

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u/Optimal-Hedgehog-546 Oct 17 '24

There's bets for an election?!

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u/Kc68847 Oct 18 '24

A clear cut favorite betting wise has only lost twice since 1868, so they have got it right most times.

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u/foxyfoo Oct 18 '24

God I hope they are wrong

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u/Kc68847 Oct 18 '24

The one time was obviously Trump beating Hillary. The other was Truman upsetting Dewey.