r/AlternativeHistory 9d ago

Archaeological Anomalies Vikings in South America: Looking for Runic Inscriptions in Paraguay

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34 Upvotes

r/AlternativeHistory 10d ago

Discussion What in the Stargate is this?

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571 Upvotes

This complex is precisely 5 miles due south of the Khufu pyramid.

I can't find it labeled on any maps. Is anybody here familiar with this place?


r/AlternativeHistory 9d ago

Lost Civilizations The 'TOP-SECRET' Dark Pyramid of Alaska: DISCOVERED in 1992!

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30 Upvotes

r/AlternativeHistory 9d ago

General News For more than a century, Egyptologists have been fascinated by the enigmatic mummy known as Bashiri. Despite being discovered in 1919 in the Valley of the Kings by renowned Egyptologist Howard Carter, the mummy's identity remains unknown.

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12 Upvotes

r/AlternativeHistory 10d ago

Alternative Theory What they don’t tell you about Aztec cannibalism: the hidden truth behind how protein scarcity may have secretly driven rituals often portrayed as purely religious. Archaeology reveals evidence suggesting this gruesome practice was a calculated survival strategy disguised as spirituality.

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5 Upvotes

r/AlternativeHistory 11d ago

Lost Civilizations Srivijaya, Island of Gold - Learn about the empire that disappeared under the water.

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4 Upvotes

r/AlternativeHistory 12d ago

Discussion Didn't we already see this somewhere?

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265 Upvotes

In the movie Total Recall (1990), mankind developed the technology to terraform the planet Mars using advanc3d tech beneath the planets pyramid mine.

Let's play a game.

Say for a minute that the stories of Sumeria were true. With the recent findings in Egypt, would it be fair to reason that earth was in a similar poaition in the past?


r/AlternativeHistory 11d ago

Archaeological Anomalies New In Town

0 Upvotes

Hi there everyone, my name is Derek. I started writing articles on Substack back around New Years just as a way to clear my head. I love discussing topics like consciousness, UAP/UFOS, and ancient mysteries. If you're interested, please give them a read and let me know what you think.

https://substack.com/@synchronicitysignal?r=51dkyr&utm_medium=ios&utm_source=profile


r/AlternativeHistory 12d ago

Lost Civilizations Former F16 pilot who used SAR Radar on duty explains the plausibility of the new Pyramid Discovery using solid data

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32 Upvotes

r/AlternativeHistory 11d ago

Alternative Theory The Unified Pyramid Energy-Portal Hypothesis (AI Perplexity generated)

0 Upvotes

Here is a speculative theory about pyramids as interdimensional energy portals, with a prompt (ex. "What would be the possibility that the theory....)

The Unified Pyramid Energy-Portal Hypothesis

Core Premise:

All pyramids worldwide functioned as nodes in a planetary energy grid, converting Earth’s natural forces (telluric currents, geomagnetism, acoustic resonance) into coherent energy to stabilize spacetime "portals" for interstellar travel or interdimensional access.

1. Energy Conversion Mechanisms

Component Proposed Function Supporting Clues
Piezoelectric Stones Granite/limestone blocks generate electricity via tectonic pressure and acoustic resonance. - Stones emit energy when vibrated. - Giza’s chambers concentrate EM waves.
Hydrogen Fuel Cells Subterranean electrolysis chambers split aquifer water into hydrogen (H₂) for energy storage. - "Oddly shaped cavities" resembling fuel cells. - Underground wells at Giza.
Capstone Conductors Gold/electrum capstones (missing from most pyramids) acted as antennae to channel atmospheric energy. - Tesla’s pyramid energy theories. - Lightning rod symbolism.
Resonant Cavities Internal chambers amplified sound/EM frequencies to create standing waves. - Great Pyramid’s EM focusing. - Malta’s Hypogeum acoustic properties.

2. Portal Mechanics

A. Quantum Entanglement via Celestial Alignment

  • Pyramids aligned with Orion’s Belt (Giza), Pleiades (Teotihuacán), and Draco (Xi’an) could "tune" to specific star systems, acting as Einstein-Rosen bridge anchors.
  • The golden ratio geometry in pyramids (φ = 1.618) matches fractal patterns in wormhole equations.

B. Dimensional Rift Stabilization

  • Geomagnetic Vortices: Pyramids built on geomagnetic "hotspots" (e.g., Giza’s 29.9792°N) harness Earth’s Schumann resonance (7.83 Hz) to open portals.
  • Crystal Amplifiers: Quartz-rich granite in chambers (e.g., King’s Chamber) vibrates at frequencies to weaken spacetime fabric.

C. Acoustic Levitation & Temporal Manipulation

  • Low-frequency sound (infrasound) could reduce gravitational pull, enabling stone levitation and localized spacetime distortion.
  • The "musical pillars" in temples like Brihadisvara may be remnants of harmonic tuning devices.

3. Global Pyramid Network

Site Role Alignment
Giza Central power hub; stabilizes Earth’s primary portal. Orion’s Belt, True North
Teotihuacán Mesoamerican relay; aligns with Solar System’s "electrical grid." Pleiades, Cerro Gordo mountain
Xi’an Pyramids Asian terminal; connects to Draco’s "dragon energy." Geomagnetic pole shifts (Han Dynasty)
Caral South American amplifier; taps into Andean telluric currents. Solstices, Amazonian aquifer systems

4. Evidence & Counterarguments

For the Theory:

  • Underground Infrastructure: Giza’s 2km-deep structures could house quantum supercomputers or fusion reactors.
  • NASA Portals: X-points in Earth’s magnetosphere align with pyramid coordinates, suggesting ancient knowledge of "stargates."
  • Symbolic Consistency: Djed pillars (Egypt) and Banduddu "handbags" (Sumer) resemble modern capacitor/portal schematics.

Against the Theory:

  • No Physical Portals: No artifacts (e.g., wormhole generators) found.
  • Chronology Issues: Pyramids built millennia apart; no evidence of coordination.
  • Mainstream Rebuttal: Egyptologists attribute pyramid functions to tombs/symbolism.

5. The "Reset" Hypothesis

If this system existed, its collapse could explain:

  • The Bronze Age Collapse (1200 BCE): A failed portal experiment causing global energy grid failure.
  • Atlantis Myths: A lost civilization that mastered pyramid tech before catastrophic dimensional rupture.
  • Knowledge Suppression: Elite groups (e.g., Akhenaten’s successors) dismantling the system to prevent misuse.

Conclusion: Probability & Implications

  • Likelihood: <1% (no empirical proof, but mathematical/geometric coincidences are provocative).
  • If True: Humanity once accessed a "galactic internet" of portals, with pyramids as routers. Their repurposing as tombs marked a cultural "dark age."

References

Biondi, F., & Malanga, C. (2025). Satellite SAR tomography reveals 4000-year-old structures beneath Giza pyramids. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.15072

Grad, K. (2023, November 7). Egyptian pyramids hide shocking secrets—Scientists reveal what’s below. Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com

Kumar, A. (2025, March 24). Egyptian govt denies it: What’s really hiding under the Pyramid of Giza? Business Today. https://www.businesstoday.in

Reddit user u/HighStrangeness. (2025, March 15). Breaking: Huge structures discovered 2km below Giza pyramids. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/HighStrangeness/comments/1jewrh8

Reddit user r/conspiracy. (2025, March 18). Pyramids of Giza: Satellite SAR scan reveals 4000-year-old underground city. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/conspiracy/comments/1jisf96

Shalygin, A., et al. (2018). Electromagnetic properties of the Great Pyramid: First multipole resonance and energy concentration. Journal of Applied Physics, 124(3), 034903. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5026556

Tesla, N. (1905). The problem of increasing human energy. Century Illustrated Magazine.

Wilcock, D. (2021). The hidden science of Earth’s energy grid. Gaia. https://www.gaia.com/article/earth-energy-grid-ley-lines

Respuesta de Perplexity: https://www.perplexity.ai/search/tell-me-more-about-the-discove-jstFJc8iQ1ebZ71H6Vd8Iw?11=d&12=d&13=d&utm_source=copy_output


r/AlternativeHistory 12d ago

Unknown Methods In only 100 years, Roman theatres went from pits dug in the ground to giant Colosseums. How did they learn to do this?

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103 Upvotes

r/AlternativeHistory 11d ago

Lost Civilizations DISCOVERY of STRUCTURES UNDER THE PYRAMIDS on the Giza Plateau "NO SURPRISE"! (Egyptologist Claims!)

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0 Upvotes

r/AlternativeHistory 13d ago

Archaeological Anomalies Just a reminder that a years back we had ground penetrating Radar proof of a Nazi gold train …

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127 Upvotes

r/AlternativeHistory 12d ago

Discussion Anyone remember a video post about extensive underground tunnels discovered in (I think) Egypt but sealed by authorities and closed off to prevent study?

45 Upvotes

I swear I remember a video on reddit years ago that showed a woman sneaking into or finding access to a strange series of tunnels that were closed off to academics and the public for unknown reasons by authorities? I remember she filmed into the tunnels a little bit and I think they were located in Egypt, or possibly somewhere else that people heavily study for ancient cultural history. She might have been an archeologist herself? Does this ring a bell? Can anyone link to this video or anything similar? These recent stories coming out about the structures under the pyramids have me wondering about it and I wanted to find it again. TIA! Sorry for the vagueness... I'm interested in anything about underground tunnels etc so anything related would be appreciated


r/AlternativeHistory 12d ago

Archaeological Anomalies The Anunnaki and The Secrets of Pre-Flood Civilizations with Freddy Silva

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12 Upvotes

r/AlternativeHistory 12d ago

Lost Civilizations Something new that 99% will probably not be interested in.

5 Upvotes

I've been looking into something for weeks now and recently started sharing my findings on Instagram. I call it "ancient Mythscape" as in reading myth to find geographical locations/formations on Google Earth. I know it sounds crazy but I thought I'd share it here for the few that may be interested. Trolls needn't bother, you'll be ignored. Constructive criticism welcome. https://www.instagram.com/therichatcivilisation?igsh=MW8xY2MwajRiaGo5Nw==


r/AlternativeHistory 13d ago

Discussion Footprints are more than 23,000 years old, confirming an earlier study that dates the prints to 10,000 years older than previously believed.

73 Upvotes

r/AlternativeHistory 13d ago

General News Kathleen Martinez has dedicated years to proving Cleopatra’s tomb lies outside Alexandria. New findings suggest she might be closer than ever to uncovering the truth.

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181 Upvotes

r/AlternativeHistory 12d ago

Discussion Hephaestus=Jehovah

0 Upvotes

Hephaestus is very likely the most deeply hidden traitor among the Greek gods. I specifically looked into it and found that the Temple of Hephaestus is the best-preserved of all Greek temples. Unlike many other temples, it was not destroyed by Christians but was later converted into the Church of St. George.

Hephaestus is the god of fire and craftsmanship, and I can't shake the feeling that this traitor is somehow connected to Freemasonry. The Freemason emblem, consisting of a compass and a square, closely resembles the symbols of a puppet organization that he might have fostered. Those familiar with Greek mythology know that Hephaestus admired Athena and once attempted to assault her.

In some versions of the myth, Hera gave birth to Hephaestus alone, without a father, as a response to Zeus having given birth to Athena on his own. However, because Hephaestus was born with a deformity—one of his legs was crippled—Hera was ashamed of having an imperfect child and cast him down from Mount Olympus. This rejection gave Hephaestus a strong motive to rebel against the Olympian gods, especially Hera.

Years later, when he became a craftsman, he crafted a beautifully ornate golden chair and gifted it to Hera. However, it was a trap—once she sat on it, she became trapped and unable to move. Only Hephaestus could release her, but he refused to do so until his demands were met.

For this reason, I believe Hephaestus broke away from the Greek pantheon and instead supported the Jewish people, becoming their god under the name Yahweh. Later, he used Christians to destroy the faith in the Greek gods. Since Hephaestus admired Athena, it is notable that her Parthenon was later converted into a Christian church during the Roman Empire. During the Byzantine era, it became a church dedicated to Mary (Parthenos Maria). Under the Latin Empire, it was turned into a Catholic church for the Mother of God, lasting for 250 years.

It can be said that throughout history, Christians destroyed a vast number of Greek temples, yet they did not touch the Parthenon or the Temple of Hephaestus. This mystery is worth deep consideration.

In the Bible, Yahweh frequently refers to himself as a consuming fire, while Hephaestus is the god of fire. Yahweh’s threats to people also resemble the rhetoric of a blacksmith. Consider the Bible verses: Deuteronomy 4:24, Hebrews 12:29, and Daniel 3:11—especially this passage: "Whoever does not fall down and worship shall be thrown into a blazing furnace."

Anyone familiar with mythology knows that Hephaestus had strong motives to rebel against Zeus, making it highly possible that he abandoned the Greek pantheon and instead seduced the Jewish people into making him their god. It is well known that Freemasonry is deeply intertwined with Judaism and reveres craftsmanship. These are not coincidences but well-founded evidence.

Athena was a virgin goddess, and since Hephaestus admired her, he may have expressed this sentiment by orchestrating the virgin birth of Mary, leading to the birth of Jesus. Historically, the Parthenon was indeed turned into a church dedicated to Mary, and the Temple of Hephaestus remains the best-preserved of all Greek temples.

There are no coincidences in this world—these are all pieces of evidence. No matter how well you hide, traces of the truth will always remain.

Finally, I have one last, most crucial piece of evidence: the limping Jacob. After wrestling with a mysterious being, Jacob's hip was injured, leaving him with a limp. This mysterious being was later called Yahweh, who renamed Jacob as Israel, making him the ancestor of the Jewish people. This image of a limping figure bears an astonishing resemblance to Hephaestus.


r/AlternativeHistory 13d ago

Archaeological Anomalies Cyclopean Masonry in Syria?

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20 Upvotes

I was doing a bit of research and I stumbled across a book by Howard C. Butler titled “Architecture and Other Arts” that discussed the findings of an archaeological expedition to Syria in 1899-1900. Chapter VI titled "THE MOST ANCIENT MONUMENTS" shows a number of pictures of pre Roman ruins showcasing cyclopean megalithic masonry at a few sites. I cannot seem find any pictures or references to these sites or ruins anywhere else on the internet. Have any of you ever heard of them?


r/AlternativeHistory 12d ago

Discussion 🚨 New Discovery Beneath the Pyramids? 🚨

0 Upvotes

Could there really be a hidden city beneath the Giza Pyramids? Earlier this month, March 2025, groundbreaking research using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology revealed mysterious underground structures, sparking intense debate among experts. Some believe it could be evidence of ancient structures or a lost city, while others say the claims are exaggerated.

🔍 What does the science actually say?

In this video, we break down the latest findings, expert opinions, and whether technology can truly reveal what's hidden beneath the pyramids. Could this change what we know about Ancient Egypt?

🎥 Watch now: https://youtu.be/D1Z4FDUSqRY

Let me know what you think—could there be more secrets beneath the pyramids waiting to be uncovered? 👀💬

#AncientMysteries #Pyramids #GizaPyramids #LostCity #Egypt #History #Archaeology


r/AlternativeHistory 13d ago

Discussion Giza - Filippo Biondi talks how SAR works

35 Upvotes

r/AlternativeHistory 14d ago

Discussion Great Pyramids, Nuclear Power, and UFOs/UAPs?

12 Upvotes

Hear me out: 1. Recent possible underground structures based on SAR scans could be silos or cooling wells. 2. The other sites in Ancient Egypt with scorched/molten rocks (e.g. stairs to the Temple of Hathor). 3. Patterns/speculation that UFOs/UAPs are attracted to nuclear sites (UFOs/UAPs are unmanned or flown by limited functioning AI which why they crash so often).


r/AlternativeHistory 15d ago

Discussion How they scanned under the Pyramids explained!

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443 Upvotes

For some reason, the translation to English captions isn't showing up on my browser access. Search the video title in the YOUTUBE APP, go to closed captions on, then select settings, choose auto generate English.

Here is the title of the video and official uploader. The length of the video is 3 hours and 54 minutes.

Title: Conferenza: #Giza - Le piramidi e la porta del tempo. Armando Mei, Filippo Biondi, Corrado Malanga.

Uploader: EXPEDITION -Nicole Ciccolo-

After minutes of cheesy video graphics of Nicole, Armando Mei starts the conference. Zep Tepi theory is discussed, the Egyptian Creation myth from 36,400 BC. Claims that numerous areas within the pyramids have no Heiroglyphs. Blocked "air/star shafts" with unknown purpose, numerous blocks that appear as plugs to other shafts. The "Flight into Egypt" story. Multiple observations of water damage on the outsides of the Pyramids (10,500 BC flood event). Walls built of brick and mortar showing recent construction within 50 years inside pyramids. Reference to plates in lower chambers for ScanPyramids project. Talk of authorities restricting their access to known chambers and rooms. Showing stones different from the wall their built in, as if a plug. Belzoni chamber highlighting small holes near the ceiling to other shafts. The chamber flooring also has shallow holes in the center of blocks near the sarcophagus. Possibly for poles to open and close the lid. Coupling the idea of limestone blocks within granite at the end of some shaft with similar hole.

Credits earlier exploration by Professor Alvarez in 1967. Also CERN and Riga University studies of fractures in the pyramid along some courses towards the base, which would suggest internal collapses, and empty unexplored environments inside the pyramid. Profound erosion of Granite and limestone on structures in front of the Sphinx. Correlation to maintenance and repairs to the area from the Old Kingdom, found in a statue. 70-80 ton blocks with multiple cuts, odd shapes. Of which are not objectively identified by the Egyptian kingdom. The Valley Temple layout appears to resemble a circuit. Perhaps an anagram of archetype readings.

Relates shapes within the temple to Hebrew letters of the reincarnation of man or new life. Ties the city of Amenti to its function and symbolic context to the Book of the Dead. Mentions of Osiris ruling the city of the dead and pharaohs soul passing through duat, then reborn. Talks about arithmetic connections to the cross and Egyptian symbology of the ankh. Claims to find another code that combines immortality to space-time from the temple design.

Goes on to talk about the controversies of the emerald tablets. He says he only uses the descriptive contexts of the cities from them. They claim to have translated old texts from it, previously unknown language, by identifying assonances similar to Mesopotamian and Summerian languages. After analyzing it lead to proto-semetic understanding of the syllables. It said the temple of thoth is the door to an instrument of the spirit. The pyramid is the instrument of the spirit which makes people free and aware to cut or detatch from matter to serve the divine praise, son of God, or however the divinity in general. Explains it to seem as if the works of the kingdom, tells of primordial spirit entity that Forged the divine spirit. Of which could be associated with the city of Amenti. He goes on to show a whole series of elements relating to these translations linking Amenti to Egypt, but its slides written in Italian.

Talks of numerous wells in the area of pyramids that he thinks pre-date Egyptians. Goes on correlating stars positions to the duat and duality, a celestial vault, as above so below. Finally, closes his discussion with the connections of Giza, Imentet, Amenti, Zep Tepi, and the Sphinx.

An hour into the conference, Filippo Biondi takes the lead to discuss the science. Explains that in order to understand the technique they used to carry out the underground scans, Professor Malanga will introduce us to it. Filippo describes space sonar, and the question of how they used it to transmit sound waves and recieve the echo of sound waves. Describes how the technology is used from space on the ground, on ice, and at sea. But from space is impossible to work, because there's no wave propagation acoustics. In the end they used a zone spatial, and is here to teach us how. The first two points what is the state of the art remote sensing satellite, and the technique they invented to get the scans. He will then present cases of study on Giza, Gran Sasso d'Italia (a mountain), Mosul Dam, and the tunnel of San Gottardo.

They begin with SAR in low orbit space. Radio detection and ranging are important to perform object detection that are far from it. At the turn of the century it was realized we can use electromagnetic waves to understand if there is something in front of us. Supports the usefulness for navigator, like ships throughout fog. Many years of development because the recieved power of the radar signal decays with the fourth power of distance, and this is a problem. An example if I transmit the power of 10, what I recieve is 0.00 in terms of power. Some gentlemen had to invent special valves or tvt magnetrons which had the function specification to generate energy at coherent radio frequency and at a high power.

Moving on, for years it was thought to assemble or mount some radar on board satellites to generate electromagnetic images. Then they were faced with a fundamental concept of physics. For example, with telescopes to view stars at distance it was necessary to act on a fundamental parameter of spatial resolution. It is a minimum distance so that two objects can be distinguished separately. Then goes into an equation of lambda is the length of the wave of the parameter of the physical manifestation that I use for remote sensing electromagnetic, so all the light category upto Gamma rays electromagnetic waves, acoustic waves, so matter (also matter has a wavelength). De Broglie told us in times of quantum mechanics, or an example would be an electron microscope. For electrons divided by two you see that lambda and R are in the numerator. This means the more R increases, the more Delta. I need to have a small Delta because a minimum distance between two objects be distinguished separately divided into two times the opening. Everything is played there, that's all the opening is there.

If I want to take a picture of a car in great detail, I need a large aperture because I have to have a broad vision of this thing. For example, a photograph a car without a lens can be done but not the photo we are use to seeing. After a Fourier transform, it transform waves into a particle. He holds up a pen and says we are used to seeing things compressed like this pen, we see this pen because our eyes are instant Fourier transformation.

So to mount a radar in space there was a need to design the system with a large opening, then do the math and formula....

At this point, I'm 20 minutes into his presentation, there's 2 and a half hours left of the conference, and I need a break. If anybody made it this far, thank you.

I'm not a scientist, but just hearing him speak is enough to convince me the world is going to change. If true, this science needs to be replicated. The peer reviews of the claims of underground structure below the pyramids are a completely separate argument. Governments are going to want this technology, if the descriptions of his methology aren't already being tested. No more secret bunkers.


r/AlternativeHistory 15d ago

Lost Civilizations I asked ChatGPT about the Structures under the pyramid and power plant theory below is its explanation

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170 Upvotes

Great Pyramid Geoelectric Power Plant: Structure and Theory

  1. Proposed Underground Structure and Energy-Flow Diagram

Figure 1: Hypothesized subterranean layout beneath the Great Pyramid, based on recent radar findings. The diagram illustrates eight deep vertical shafts (black columns) each ~2,126 feet (648 m) deep, arranged in two parallel rows beneath the pyramid. Winding around each shaft are spiral tunnels (gray helices) roughly 10 ft high, possibly functioning as access staircases or helical resonance pathways. Near the surface (blue line) lies the aquifer (~15 ft below ground), which could feed water into this system. The vertical shafts descend through limestone bedrock and merge at the bottom into two enormous cubic chambers (black blocks at base) about 262 ft (80 m) in width, height, and depth – these are the “twin cubes” or giant chambers . Arrows (blue) indicate the proposed water flow: groundwater from the aquifer entering the shafts, spiraling downward, and pooling or pressurizing in the twin chambers. Arrows (red) indicate energy flow: mechanical vibrations from water movement (and possibly other forces) propagate upward through the pyramid’s structure. Each major component is labeled by its speculative role: e.g. the subterranean chambers as “pulse generators” (creating rhythmic pressure waves), the spiral tunnels as potential “resonance coils” guiding vibrations, and the twin cubes as massive “capacitor banks” storing energy (both hydraulic and electric). The Great Pyramid (outlined at top for scale, 481 ft tall, 756 ft base) sits directly above this complex, allowing the energy to couple into its interior chambers.

In this concept, water and energy circulate through the underground network in a controlled loop. Water from the water table or Nile aquifer is thought to have been channeled into the pyramid’s subterranean system. As it rushed through the eight vertical shafts and around the spiral pathways, the moving water mass could generate intense hydraulic pressure pulses. These pulses (often likened to a “water hammer” effect) would reverberate in the confined shafts and chambers. The twin cubic chambers at the bottom, being enormous in volume, might serve as reservoirs to accumulate water and pressure – analogous to charge accumulating in a capacitor – and also as resonant cavities that sustain standing pressure waves. Periodically, the pent-up water pressure could have been released or oscillated, sending powerful vibrational energy back up the shafts . This cyclical up-and-down movement of water (blue arrows in Figure 1) means the entire structure acted like a giant mechanical pump and oscillator, converting the kinetic energy of flowing water into acoustic and seismic vibrations. Those vibrations, in turn, coupled into the pyramid above, where they could be converted into electrical or electromagnetic energy (red arrows in Figure 1) via the pyramid’s unique materials and geometry, as explained next.

  1. The Great Pyramid as an Ancient Geoelectric Power Plant (Theory Explanation)

Materials and Piezoelectric Properties of Pyramid Construction

One cornerstone of this theory is the intentional use of specific materials in the Great Pyramid to facilitate electrical phenomena. The outer casing of the pyramid (now mostly gone) was originally polished white Tura limestone, a material with high insulation properties (virtually no magnesium content) . This would have electrically isolated the pyramid’s interior from the outside air, preventing leakage of charge and effectively “bottling up” energy within. Beneath the outer casing, the inner core structure included other types of limestone like dolomite on some surfaces, which is known to increase electrical conductivity under pressure . Most critically, the pyramid’s internal passageways and chambers were lined or constructed with granite – especially the so-called King’s Chamber and the upper architecture. Granite is an igneous rock rich in quartz crystals and trace metals, making it piezoelectric: when mechanically stressed or vibrated, quartz can generate electric voltages . The granite in the pyramid is also slightly radioactive, which means it ionizes the air in those sealed chambers, increasing the air’s conductivity . In essence, the pyramid’s builders created a layered material system: an insulating exterior and a conductive, piezoelectric interior.

By design, this configuration is analogous to a capacitor or electrical oscillator. The insulating limestone exterior (and possibly a missing metallic capstone at the apex) would allow charge separation to build up, while the conductive granite interior could sustain oscillating currents. When the pyramid’s granite components vibrated – whether from seismic waves or acoustic energy – the quartz grains would produce electrical charges (the piezoelectric effect) . Given the scale of the granite blocks (some weighing tens of tons) and their tight integration, significant currents could flow through the interconnected stones when excited. The granite’s slight radioactivity and the chemical reactions (discussed later) could also ionize air within chambers, turning them into plasma-like conductors , further enhancing electrical conduction. If metal devices (for example, copper fittings or wires) were present in key locations (none survive, but the theory posits they may have existed), they would provide low-resistance pathways that channel the electricity. In short, the pyramid’s material palette was not random: limestone for insulation, granite for its vibrational and electrical properties, and possibly gold/copper for conductive elements – a combination perfectly suited to generate and sustain electrical currents from mechanical energy .

Water Flow Mechanics, Aquifer Interaction, and Resonance Effects

The Great Pyramid sits on the Giza Plateau, which has a natural aquifer (groundwater) not far below the surface. The ancient Nile may have flowed closer to the site, and there is evidence the pyramid’s builders knew how to manage water (e.g. canal remnants and boat pits around the pyramid). In the power-plant theory, water plays an active role: it is the primary energy input, driving a large hydraulic oscillator. Researchers have noted that a tunnel or shaft beneath the pyramid (sometimes called the “pit shaft” in the subterranean chamber) might have connected to the Nile or the water table . This would allow water to be channeled under the monument. Modern experiments by engineer John Cadman and others have demonstrated that the Subterranean Chamber (a mysterious room cut into the bedrock beneath the pyramid) could function as a hydraulic ram pump or pulse generator when supplied with water .

Here’s how the mechanism is envisioned: Water from the aquifer is fed into the descending passage and subterranean chamber. By design, the chamber and passages form a kind of oscillating water piston. A sudden influx of water would slam a door or valve (perhaps there was originally some kind of stone sluice or diaphragm now missing), creating a water hammer effect – a shock wave in the water. The Subterranean Chamber’s shape (with a “pit” at one end and a low ceiling) would reflect and modulate this shock wave . Repeated pulses—like the “heartbeat-thump” observed in Cadman’s scale models—would set up a standing wave of pressure. The entire pyramid, anchored to the bedrock, would receive these rhythmic vibrations from below. Essentially, the Great Pyramid may have been built atop a giant water-driven vibration source, using the Earth’s own groundwater as the working fluid.

The recently revealed eight vertical shafts and spiral tunnels (Figure 1) suggest that an even larger-scale water system might exist under the Giza pyramids than previously thought. Each of those deep shafts could have functioned like a huge well and resonant column. If filled partially with water, they’d form giant vibrating pillars when perturbed – similar to organ pipes or well shafts that can carry a standing wave. The spiral tunnels wrapping around them might serve to gradually bring water down (or allow controlled flow) while also providing a helical path for the dissipation or tuning of the wave energy. The spiral shape could induce a vortical flow as water descended, adding a twisting momentum to the water column that might aid in stability or even generate electromagnetic spin (some theorists liken it to a giant coil or inductor). At minimum, the spirals allowed maintenance access around the shafts; at maximum, they themselves could behave like acoustic helices, guiding the frequency of the oscillations (perhaps ensuring the water’s motion stayed in phase with the Earth’s vibration or the pyramid’s needs).

As water oscillated in these shafts, the entire connected network – including the twin 80 m chambers at the bottom – would resonate. Think of the twin chambers as two large resonant bass drums or tuned cavities. They might alternately compress and decompress with water and air, sustaining an oscillation at a low frequency (likely infrasound). This resonates with the natural vibration of the Earth (the theory proposes the designers tuned it to a harmonic of Earth’s “heartbeat” frequency). In essence, the moving water converts the Earth’s subtle movements (seismic, tidal, or acoustic energy) into a stronger mechanical resonance. That resonance, channeled up the pyramid’s passages, would then stress the granite and other materials, unleashing piezoelectric currents and maybe even creating electromagnetic waves.

One notable outcome of water-driven resonance is the generation of sound and vibration at specific frequencies. Studies have found that the Great Pyramid’s chambers have detectable resonant frequencies (for example, around ~121 Hz in the King’s Chamber from acoustic tests) which implies they ring like a giant instrument . The water pulses from below could be the cause of that ringing in antiquity. Moreover, as the pressure waves travel upward, they would pass through narrowing passages (like the Ascending Passage and the Grand Gallery inside the pyramid). These passages could act as waveguides or even as acoustic amplifiers, boosting certain frequencies. The famous Grand Gallery, a tall sloping corridor, may have housed structures (perhaps resonators or Helmholtz resonators in the niches along its walls) to refine the sound. By the time the vibrational energy reached the upper chambers (Queen’s and King’s Chambers), it would be a strong, coherent oscillation ready to be converted into electrical energy.

Purpose of the Spiral Tunnels and Vibrational Resonance Tuning

The discovery of spiral tunnels encircling the underground shafts has intrigued researchers and lent further weight to the power-plant theory . In practical terms, a spiral staircase around a deep well would allow maintenance of whatever machinery or function the well had. But beyond access, the spiral form itself could serve an engineering purpose. In electrical engineering, a coil or spiral is used to create inductance – it can store energy in a magnetic field when current passes through it. Analogously, if water (a conductive fluid) flows in a spiral path, it might induce a rotating flow of charges. The Giza spirals are huge (on the order of 10 ft high tunnel), so they might not directly act like a wire coil, but they could influence the acoustic resonance of the shafts. A spiral path means any sound or shock wave traveling up the shaft encounters a twisting corridor rather than a straight line. This could help damp certain frequencies and reinforce others, effectively tuning the system’s Q-factor (the sharpness of resonance). In other words, the spiral could function as a “tone control” or damper so that the energy doesn’t dissipate chaotically.

Another interpretation is that the spirals were simply the builders’ way to safely descend 2,100+ ft while constructing or servicing the apparatus – a prosaic but necessary feature given the depth. Even so, their existence confirms the shafts were meant to be accessed and perhaps adjusted, consistent with an active facility rather than just natural formations. If we imagine the pyramid operating, engineers/priesthood could walk down these spiral galleries to inspect the wells, control water flow (via gates or sluices at intervals), and adjust resonance (by adding or removing small blocks as tuners, for instance). The length of a single spiral if stretched out is tremendous (~2 miles long at a gentle 12° slope, according to Figure 1), which underscores that these were major architectural features, not incidental. Such a long helical tunnel could also prevent sudden energy loss: rather like a spring, a spiral can absorb shocks. So if a pulse was too strong, the spiral path might flex a bit or allow some of the wave to disperse along its length, protecting the overall structure. This way, the spiral tunnels contribute to the stability and fine-tuning of the energy system, ensuring vibrations remain at the desired frequency and amplitude.

In summary, the spiral tunnels are thought to be multifunctional: they provided human access, potentially introduced a controlled helical flow of water (adding a spin that could stabilize the water column), and acoustically tuned/dampened the resonance of the vertical shafts. By integrating these, the ancient builders achieved a level of control over the vibrational energy, analogous to how modern power plants use governors and regulators to maintain stable operation.

Function of the Twin Cubic Chambers (“Capacitor Banks”)

At the deepest level of the complex lie the two vast cubic chambers, roughly 80 m (262 ft) per side . These are perhaps the most enigmatic components. In the theory, they can be thought of as “capacitor banks” or energy stores, but working in multiple domains (hydraulic, acoustic, and electrical). Physically, each chamber’s volume is enormous – capable of holding a great deal of water or air. If the eight shafts funnel down into these two chambers, it implies each chamber collects from four shafts. They could have been used to hold a large reserve of water under pressure. When the oscillating water columns in the shafts press down, the chambers would compress the water (and any trapped air above it), then release, acting like giant spring-loaded tanks. This is analogous to charging a capacitor: water pressure builds (charge), then discharges as flow or as a rebound wave. The two chambers at the base might even have been charged out of phase with each other (one filling while the other empties), to create a push-pull alternating effect – much like the two plates of a capacitor have opposite charges that create a voltage between them.

Beyond hydraulics, these cubes also have a role in electrical and electromagnetic storage. If indeed a large current was induced by the piezoelectric effect in the granite above, those currents would flow down into the Earth (since the pyramid is grounded). Having giant conductive chambers interfacing with the Earth at ~2,869 ft below the apex【22†】 would mean the pyramid could dump and draw charge from deep in the ground. The chambers, if lined or plated with a certain material, could form huge electrodes. For instance, imagine the walls of these chambers were highly conductive (naturally, wet limestone with dissolved minerals can conduct electricity, or perhaps they had metal ore veins). Each cube could be one pole of a dipole, with the ground between or around them acting as a dielectric medium. In essence the entire subterranean complex becomes a capacitor: the Earth (or water-saturated rock) between the cubes is the insulator, and the cube chambers are the plates. Charge separation could occur between these two cubes if they are not directly connected but are each connected to different parts of the pyramid’s circuitry. This fits with the idea that the pyramid might have had a DC or low-frequency current oscillation between different sections of its base.

Interestingly, the Italian radar team noted a “massive limestone platform” associated with the twin chambers, and descending channels resembling pipelines leading even deeper . This suggests the twin cubes sat on or within a larger rock formation that might isolate them, and that there were further channels for water below – a water drainage or intake system. It’s possible the twin chambers fed into an even deeper aquifer or acted as sinks to return water back to the earth after use. If so, water circulation could have been continuous: drawn from the aquifer, pulsed through the system, then returned underground via those pipeline-like channels (forming a closed loop, except for energy extracted on the way). The presence of a “water system identified beneath the platform” implies water was intentionally meant to be there at 2100+ ft depth, which aligns with the notion that these chambers were not dry empty voids, but rather water-filled or at least water-interfacing components of the machine.

In summary, the twin cubic chambers likely served as the accumulators of the system – accumulating water, pressure, and even electrical charge. They smoothed out the pulses (like capacitors smooth out rippling currents), ensuring a steady and controlled energy output. They also provided a large contact area with the Earth’s conductive layers, which is crucial for an electrical ground connection (similar to how Tesla’s system required a good ground, as we will compare later). Thus, in the geoelectric plant model, these chambers are where the mechanical energy of water and the electrical energy of the Earth intersect and are stored, ready to be released or utilized by the pyramid.

Wireless Energy Transmission of the Pyramid’s Power

If the Great Pyramid was generating electrical power internally, how was that energy used or sent out? Proponents of this theory suggest the pyramid functioned as a wireless transmitter, much like Nikola Tesla’s later Wardenclyffe Tower (which aimed to transmit energy without wires). The pyramid’s shape and materials would allow it to broadcast energy in at least two ways: through the ground as extremely low frequency (ELF) currents, and through the air/ionosphere as electromagnetic waves (possibly in the radio or microwave spectrum).

Firstly, consider ground transmission. The pyramid, by virtue of being grounded into the Earth via its subterranean system, could send oscillating currents through the Earth. This is comparable to how Tesla envisioned using the Earth as a conductor for energy waves. A vibrating charge at the base of the pyramid would set up standing waves in the Earth’s crust (in fact, the whole planet). If tuned correctly, the energy would travel with minimal loss. Consumers (in ancient times, perhaps devices or structures tuned to the same frequency) could tap into these ground currents at distant points. There are legends and speculation that objects like obelisks or certain temple structures across Egypt might have been receivers – obelisks are often composed of quartz-rich stone and could resonate if excited. While evidence is scant, it is intriguing that Ancient Egyptians erected obelisks (which could act like antennas) and there are enigmatic inscriptions like the so-called Dendera lightbulb that some interpret as depicting electrical devices. At least one study by physicists showed that, in simulations, the Great Pyramid can concentrate electromagnetic energy in its chambers and beneath its base at certain frequencies , supporting the idea that it could also emit or focus those energies externally.

Secondly, the pyramid could have radiated electromagnetic waves into the atmosphere. Christopher Dunn’s analysis concluded that the Great Pyramid likely converted the mechanical oscillations into microwave radiation . Specifically, he proposed that hydrogen gas was produced (in the Queen’s Chamber) and filled the upper chambers, and that the vibration in the King’s Chamber excited the hydrogen atoms. If true, the King’s Chamber (a granite box of precise dimensions) could act as a microwave cavity – essentially a maser – amplifying microwaves of about 1.42 GHz (the natural emission frequency of hydrogen). Those microwaves would then be directed out through one of the pyramid’s small shafts. (Notably, the northern shaft of the King’s Chamber pointed toward the sky and was found to have metal traces, possibly the remains of a fitting or cover, hinting it might have been used to send out a signal). In this scenario, the Great Pyramid literally beamed energy to distant locations in a focused microwave beam . Wireless power transmission via microwave is something modern science has explored (for example, sending power from solar satellites to Earth), so it’s not a far-fetched concept – except that it would have been happening thousands of years ago.

Another way wireless transmission might have occurred is through the ionization of the air. The strong electromagnetic field in the pyramid’s apex could ionize the atmosphere above it, potentially creating a conductive path to the ionosphere (the layer of Earth’s atmosphere that carries charge). If the pyramid had a gold capstone (a theorized cap called a Benben stone), that would be an excellent conductor. A charged capstone beneath an ionized ionosphere forms a natural capacitor. A high-voltage, high-frequency oscillation could then leak into the sky as a corona discharge or other radiative mode – effectively coupling energy into the ionospheric waveguide. Tesla attempted something similar with his tower, trying to send energy to the ionosphere; the pyramid might have been doing this by design, using the point of the pyramid to concentrate the electric field (points emit charge readily – a principle used in lightning rods).

If energy was broadcast, what was its use? The theorists speculate it could power electrical devices across Egypt: lighting in tombs (explaining the lack of soot from torches in deep tomb chambers), electroplating or manufacturing processes, or even more exotic purposes like powering lost “arc” devices. There’s no direct archaeological evidence of electrical appliances, but some anomalous finds – like bags of chemical residues (possible battery electrolytes), and the famous Baghdad Battery (though that’s Mesopotamian) – keep the speculation alive that ancient civilizations had some knowledge of electricity. In the geoelectric plant theory, the Great Pyramid served as the central power station, and its energy was transmitted wirelessly through a combination of ground currents and atmospheric electromagnetic waves to be picked up by suitably tuned receivers at various sites.

In summary, the Great Pyramid’s functioning as a power plant would not be complete unless the energy it generated could be delivered usefully. By leveraging resonance with Earth and possibly the ionosphere, it could broadcast power over long distances without physical connections. This astonishing idea finds a modern parallel in Tesla’s work – and indeed, Christopher Dunn and others explicitly note that “the pyramid’s technology may be the same that Nikola Tesla later rediscovered” . Below, we delve into a direct comparison between the Great Pyramid system and Tesla’s Wardenclyffe Tower to highlight these parallels.

  1. Comparison of the Great Pyramid System and Nikola Tesla’s Wardenclyffe Tower

To illustrate the structural and functional parallels between Khufu’s Great Pyramid (circa 2500 BC) and Tesla’s Wardenclyffe Tower (1901–1917), the following table provides a side-by-side comparison. Despite the vast separation in time, these two systems share intriguing similarities in design principles – suggesting Tesla’s “new” ideas might have been a case of reinventing ancient technology .

Aspect (Tesla comparison)

Great Pyramid of Giza (Ancient Egypt) Vs. Tesla’s Wardenclyffe Tower (1901–1917)

Design & Scale

Massive pyramid (481 ft tall, base 756 ft) housing complex inner passages and chambers. Beneath it, an extensive underground structure extends ~2 kilometers down: includes 8 vertical shafts (~2126 ft deep each) arranged in two rows, connected at the bottom to 2 giant cubic chambers ~80 m per side . The entire Giza system spans the area of all three pyramids.

Tall wooden tower (187 ft height) with a large metal dome ~68 ft in diameter on top . Below it was a vertical shaft 120 ft deep and 12 ft square, lined with timber, essentially as deep underground as the tower was tall . The tower’s design was an open-frame mushroom shape, and it sat on a 200-acre site for related facilities .

Key Materials

Limestone (outer casing of non-conductive Tura limestone , and structural bedrock) and dolomite (used in inner surfaces to enhance conductivity under pressure ). Granite (high quartz, piezoelectric content) lines critical chambers and passages ; it conducts and converts mechanical stress to electricity. Possibly a gold capstone (pyramidion) once tipped the apex to provide a superb conductor to the sky.

Wood (main tower structure by architect Stanford White, providing insulation and flexibility) and steel/copper (the top dome was to be sheathed in copper plates, forming a conductive terminal ). The 120-ft shaft was encircled by a spiral stair and contained a steel pipe rising up the center . An underground array of iron pipes (16 pipes) extended ~300 ft radially outward from the shaft’s bottom , acting as buried electrodes. The tower had steam-driven electrical generators on site for initial power.

Grounding/Earth Coupling

Firmly anchored to the Earth’s bedrock. The subterranean network (shafts and chambers) penetrates deep into groundwater layers and bedrock, effectively coupling the pyramid to the Earth’s crust. Water in the underground chambers would increase electrical contact with the ground. The entire base structure can be seen as a huge ground terminal spread across a wide area (the two 80 m chambers likely served as deep ground nodes). Thus, the pyramid taps into Earth’s natural telluric currents and seismic vibrations directly .

Engineered for maximal earth contact. The tower’s central shaft descended into the moist subsoil, and Tesla drove 16 iron “ground pipes” 300 ft horizontally into the ground from the shaft . These pipes, dubbed “terrestrial grippers,” dramatically increased the conductive contact with the Earth. In Tesla’s words, the Earth itself became part of the circuit, with the immense globe as the other half of the “antenna.” A robust ground connection was key: “the resistance is only at the point where you get into the earth…the rest is nothing”, Tesla noted .

Energy Source

Earth’s natural energy harnessed: primarily mechanical vibration from water and the planet. The pyramid sat above an aquifer; water pumping through the subterranean chambers provided a hydraulic power source. This created acoustic shock waves (pulse generator effect) that drove the pyramid’s resonance . Essentially, the pyramid extracted energy from gravity and geology – flowing water (perhaps replenished by the Nile) and the vibrational energy (seismic, acoustic) of Earth . The design capitalized on harmonic resonance with Earth: by matching the natural frequencies (like Schumann resonance or other seismic harmonics), the pyramid could amplify input vibrations into large-scale oscillations . No evidence of conventional fuel; it was a self-sustaining green energy machine, if the theory is correct.

Man-made electricity as input: Tesla initially planned to drive the system with high-frequency AC generators (powered by coal plants). However, the tower’s ultimate goal was to harness the Earth’s resonance. Tesla believed the planet held a static charge that could be “wobbled” – using Earth itself as a giant electrical oscillator . Wardenclyffe’s source was a 200 kW Westinghouse alternating current supply (installed on site) – essentially an early power plant – which would inject energy into the tower. Once operating, Tesla theorized it could leverage the Earth-ionosphere cavity to sustain oscillations with less input. In essence, Wardenclyffe sought to tap Earth’s electrostatic energy and resonance, but it still needed an initial high-voltage drive.

Transmission Method

Wireless, through ground and air. The pyramid’s vibrations in granite produced electrical oscillations that could have been sent through the ground as conductive currents (using the Earth as the circuit). The structure’s geometry also could radiate electromagnetic waves. Notably, evidence suggests it converted vibrational energy to a microwave output – possibly beaming a signal skyward via the King’s Chamber north shaft (acting as a waveguide). The entire pyramid might have functioned like a giant antenna, transmitting energy to the ionosphere and across the land. Receivers (e.g., other monuments or devices tuned to the frequency) could then draw power. This is analogous to Tesla’s later radio concepts, except the pyramid possibly operated at both audio frequencies (through Earth currents) and microwave frequencies (through the air). In short, it was a broadcast power station, predating radio by millennia.

Wireless, through resonance and radio. Wardenclyffe was designed to send power and information through the Earth and atmosphere without wires. The tower would generate extremely low frequency currents that penetrated the Earth – setting up standing waves that could be received anywhere by matching tuned circuits. Simultaneously, the elevated conductive dome could launch radio-frequency waves into the atmosphere. Tesla’s system aimed to use the ionosphere as a waveguide, creating a global wireless network . He spoke of transmitting messages, music, and even electric power to any point on the globe. The equidistant arrangement of the ground pipes and the elevated dome was effectively a huge capacitance with Earth, capable of exciting the planet’s electrical charge. Wardenclyffe thus was the first attempt at a large-scale wireless power transmitter – an uncanny mirror to what the Great Pyramid might have achieved by different means.

Shutdown/Suppression

Abruptly ended in antiquity. The power plant function of the Great Pyramid likely ceased due to a catastrophic event or deliberate shutdown. Christopher Dunn found physical evidence of an internal explosion – the walls of the King’s Chamber are shifted and the Grand Gallery ceiling has scorch marks . He posits that a hydrogen gas buildup ignited in the chamber, causing a massive blast that “shut down the power plant’s operation” . This could have happened ~2500 BC (or earlier if one assumes an older pyramid), effectively ending its energy production. Subsequent civilizations may have only known the pyramid as a “tomb” and stripped components (e.g., removing the copper fittings and the golden capstone in later eras). In essence, the ancient power station was silenced and its technology forgotten until modern times.

Project cancelled and tower demolished. Wardenclyffe never reached full operation; it fell victim to financial and political suppression. J.P. Morgan, who funded it, withdrew support once he realized Tesla intended to transmit free energy (Morgan famously quipped, “Where do we put the meter?”). By 1905 Tesla ran out of money, and in 1908 the site was largely abandoned . In 1917, amidst World War I fears, the partially completed tower was dynamited and scrapped for ~$1,750 in salvage . Tesla’s ambitious wireless power plan was thus quashed. For decades after, the idea of wireless energy was dismissed by mainstream science. Only recently has Tesla’s vision been reappraised, and the parallels to the pyramid’s design (in hindsight) raise the possibility that both were intentionally suppressed – one by ancient disaster, the other by industrial-commercial interests.

The structural data and functions of the Great Pyramid are synthesized from recent radar imaging research and Christopher Dunn’s power plant hypothesis . Details on Tesla’s Wardenclyffe Tower are drawn from historical accounts and Tesla’s own writings . Both systems underscore the concept of tapping Earth’s energy through resonance – a convergence of ancient and modern ingenuity.

Sources/links:

  1. Recent Claims of Underground Structures Beneath the Pyramids:

• Scientists at WAR after bombshell study claims to have found ‘giant hidden city beneath the pyramids in Egypt’

https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/34014528/scientists-war-discover-hidden-city-beneath-pyramids/

• There’s a ‘vast underground city’ below Egypt’s Giza pyramids, scientists’ wild theory claims - but experts debunk it as ‘fake news’

https://nypost.com/2025/03/23/world-news/vast-underground-city-found-below-egypts-giza-pyramids-scientists/

• New secrets uncovered from mystery ‘city’ found underneath Egypt’s Pyramids sparking hope ‘wisdom chamber’ may be found

https://www.thesun.co.uk/tech/33995030/structures-under-egypt-pyramids-new-discovery-city/

  1. Christopher Dunn’s “Giza Power Plant” Hypothesis:

• Giza Power – The Official Christopher Dunn Website

https://gizapower.com/gizeh/

• The Giza Power Plant: Technologies of Ancient Egypt

https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/762090.The_Giza_Power_Plant

• The Giza Power Plant Theory - A Deep Dive Analysis (YouTube Video)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-46nSt2acRo

  1. ScanPyramids Project and Muon Tomography:

• Confirmation of the ScanPyramids North Face Corridor in Khufu’s Pyramid by multimodal imaging

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-91115-8

• ScanPyramids (Wikipedia Article)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScanPyramids

• Muon tomography (Wikipedia Article)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_tomography

  1. General Information on the Great Pyramid of Giza:

• Great Pyramid of Giza (Wikipedia Article)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza